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The key, officially referred to as the free throw lane by the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the restricted area by the international governing body FIBA, and colloquially as the lane or the paint, is an area on a basketball court underneath the basket bounded by the endline, the foul line and other lines which are known as freebody lines, that are usually painted (although unpainted on some courts with painted perimeters). It is a critical area on the court where much of the action takes place in a game. Restrictions areas under the key is also an area the defender can not be in more than 3 seconds, not including the key The key, in all games, starting with FIBA's amendments to its rules in 2010 (to be first implemented after the 2010 FIBA World Championship), is rectangular. Prior to 2006, the key in FIBA-sanctioned tournaments (mostly basketball played outside the United States, and almost all international tournaments including the World Championships and the Olympics) was trapezoidal in shape. Both NBA and FIBA keys are wide, while NCAA keys are narrower at . The most-commonly enforced rule on the key is the "three seconds rule" in which a player from the offensive team is prohibited from staying on the key for more than three seconds, or else the player's team will lose possession of the ball. Another rule enforced is the lane violation in which players from both teams are prohibited to enter the lane until after the free throw shooter releases the ball from his hands (the shooter is prohibited to enter the key until after the ball hits the rim). An innovation is the introduction of the restricted area arc directly underneath the basket where the defending player cannot force an offensive foul on the opposing player. ==Dimensions== Each level of play has different specifications for the size and shape of the key: in American leagues, where the basketball court is measured in imperial units, the shape is rectangular, while in FIBA-sanctioned events, which use the metric system, the shape was trapezoidal, before being changed to a rectangle as well. In addition to the bounding rectangle, the key includes a free-throw circle at its "head" or "top". The width of the key in the NBA is 16 feet (4.9 m), including the wide foul lanes;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official Rules of the National Basketball Association 2007–08 )〕 in U.S. college (NCAA) and high-school play, it is 12 feet (3.7 m).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCAA Basketball: 2008 Men's and Women's Rules and Interpretations )〕 Beginning after the 2010 FIBA World Championship, all FIBA-administered tournaments use a rectangular key wide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official Basketball Rules 2010 )〕 From 1956 until 2010, FIBA-sanctioned tournaments used a trapezoidal key. The narrower end was on the free-throw line, where it was , while the wider end, at the end line, measured .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official Basketball Rules 2006 )〕 The free throw circle has a six-foot (1.8 m) radius and is centered at the midpoint of the free throw line; the half of those circle on the mid-court side of the free throw line is painted in solid lines. In the NBA and ULEB, the boundaries of the half closer to the basket is traced in a broken line in order to space players properly for jump balls. NBA Rule 1 (g) requires the key to contain two long hash marks, from the free throw line; the marks indicate the so-called lower defensive box. The free-throw line is 15 feet (4.6 m) from the perpendicular projection of the face of the backboard onto the court; this projection is 4 feet (1.2 m) from the end-line for NBA and NCAA. The projection of the center of the basket onto the court is a perpendicular distance of from the end line in FIBA tournaments,〔 but in NBA and NCAA tournaments.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Key (basketball)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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